Ge
#32 · 72.63
The infrared metal

Germanium

A brittle, silvery metalloid that is transparent to infrared light. It is what night-vision goggles, thermal cameras, and fiber-optic cables see through, and it boosts the efficiency of satellite solar panels.

Why it matters

  • China supplies around 60 percent of the world and restricted exports alongside gallium.
  • Every fiber-optic network and thermal imaging system depends on it.
  • Prices almost tripled outside China after the export controls.

Used in

Fiber opticsNight visionSatellite solar cellsThermal cameras

Supply

By-product of zinc refining and some coal ash. China, Russia, Canada, and Belgium.

Demand

Fiber optics, infrared optics, satellite solar cells, and polymerization catalysts.

Role in the portfolio

Defense and telecom allocation with policy-driven price moves.